{"id":4547,"date":"2024-12-14T12:00:57","date_gmt":"2024-12-14T05:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/?p=4547"},"modified":"2024-12-14T12:15:51","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T05:15:51","slug":"4-quan-he-trong-tu-duy-he-thong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/4-quan-he-trong-tu-duy-he-thong.html","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 4 M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7 Trong T\u01b0 Duy H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng (Ph\u1ea7n 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u01b0 duy logic<\/a>, T\u01b0 duy thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf,… B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng system thinking v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong code \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u: T\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/a> l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay v\u00ec t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 <\/span>m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau<\/b>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"T\u01b0
T\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi team ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c PO, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c requirement \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c module c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (top-down approach). N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong> gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi t\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/h2>\n

Quan h\u1ec7 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh – Linear Relationship<\/span><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/strong>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Quan
Quan h\u1ec7 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh – Linear Relationship<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. <\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed7i thu\u00ea bao \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 100 ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 500 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat g\u1ecdi. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 (k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ph\u00fat g\u1ecdi (nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n).<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi 100 ph\u00fat, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

100.000\u20ab + 100 x 500\u20ab\/ph\u00fat = 150.000\u20ab<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi 200 ph\u00fat, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

100.000\u20ab + 200 x 500\u20ab\/ph\u00fat = 200.000\u20ab<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"M\u1ed1i
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi s\u1ed1 ph\u00fat g\u1ecdi t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, th\u00ec chi ph\u00ed c\u0169ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p. H\u00e3y xem v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 100 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1000, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1eadp server n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Minh
Peak time AWS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng hay x\u1ea3y ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quan h\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh – Non-Linear Relationship<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o theo m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ta h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111ang r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n t\u1eadp th\u00eam, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u00edch ch\u1ea1y 5 km c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 1 ph\u00fat. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau 10 tu\u1ea7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn t\u1eadp ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, anh ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 15, vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ec7 \u0111i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Quan
Quan h\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n (nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ea5u (k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) l\u00e0 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111i l\u00ean, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111i ngang trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng khi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau, vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"M\u1ed1i
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, khi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hay vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1ebd sai l\u1ec7ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qua hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ta tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m trong suy lu\u1eadn<\/strong>, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/span><\/p>\n

– S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ngo\u1ea1i suy tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/span><\/p>\n

– B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh?<\/span><\/h4>\n

V\u1eady, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec \u1edf y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c?<\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 (Exception)?<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ranh gi\u1edbi an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111oan (edge cases) gi\u00fap ta s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd cho ta c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1ee7 quan<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Edge
Edge cases<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, song \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed7i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn ra c\u1ea3 khu r\u1eebng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eebng c\u00e1i c\u00e2y.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede ph\u1ea7n 1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua 2 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong T\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i T\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i (feedback loop) v\u00e0 C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t sinh do s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u01b0 duy logic, T\u01b0 duy thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf,… B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng system thinking v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong code \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":4557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-skill"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4547"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4547\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}