{"id":330,"date":"2020-03-12T15:54:52","date_gmt":"2020-03-12T08:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/?p=330"},"modified":"2021-12-27T20:00:20","modified_gmt":"2021-12-27T13:00:20","slug":"mo-hinh-mvc-trong-lap-trinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/mo-hinh-mvc-trong-lap-trinh.html","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Xerox PARC \u1edf Palo Alto b\u1edfi <strong><em><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/The-Model-View-Controller-(MVC)-Its-Past-and-Reenskaug\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TrygveReenskaug<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>MVC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <strong>Model \u2013 View \u2013 Controller<\/strong>. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. MVC chia \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n (layer) ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau.<br><br><br><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC chia \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m Model, View v\u00e0 Controller:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\r\n<h3>Model<\/h3>\r\nL\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c logic, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (MySQL, SQL Server&#8230;), n\u00f3 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i database, truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Class v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0m x\u1eed l\u00fd get, set c\u1ee7a Class&#8230;<br><br><\/li><li>\r\n<h3>View<\/h3>\r\n\u0110\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho end-user. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb UI\/UX, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng xem website, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n XML ho\u1eb7c JSON\u2026<br><br><\/li><li>\r\n<h3>Controller<\/h3>\r\n<br>Gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb end-user \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u1eed l\u00fd, thao t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Model v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho View. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ngh\u00ea nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Controller gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa Model v\u00e0 View.<br><br><br><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"782\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/mevn-public.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com\/marketenterprise.vn\/wp-images\/2020\/03\/12151858\/Picture2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mevn-public.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com\/marketenterprise.vn\/wp-images\/2020\/03\/12151858\/Picture2.png 782w, https:\/\/mevn-public.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com\/marketenterprise.vn\/wp-images\/2020\/03\/12151858\/Picture2-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/mevn-public.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com\/marketenterprise.vn\/wp-images\/2020\/03\/12151858\/Picture2-768x414.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 782px) 100vw, 782px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>Lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>MVC \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n cho lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd MVC tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<br><br><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Client g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn server th\u00f4ng qua Controller, Controller s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br><br><\/li><li>Controller s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111inh lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi database \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Model \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, Controller s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi t\u1edbi Model \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, Controller s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 theo m\u0169i t\u00ean s\u1ed1 (8).<br><br><\/li><li>Model t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Database \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br><br><\/li><li>Database tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho Model d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Model.<br><br><\/li><li>Model tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho Controller x\u1eed l\u00fd.<br><br><\/li><li>Controller s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn View ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho View. View ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br><br><\/li><li>Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, View tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho Controller k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (HTML, XML ho\u1eb7c JSON&#8230;).<br><br><\/li><li>Sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, Controller s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho Client.<br><br><br><\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"872\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/mevn-public.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com\/marketenterprise.vn\/wp-images\/2020\/03\/12151924\/Picture3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mevn-public.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com\/marketenterprise.vn\/wp-images\/2020\/03\/12151924\/Picture3.png 872w, https:\/\/mevn-public.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com\/marketenterprise.vn\/wp-images\/2020\/03\/12151924\/Picture3-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/mevn-public.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com\/marketenterprise.vn\/wp-images\/2020\/03\/12151924\/Picture3-768x477.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 872px) 100vw, 872px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n<br><br><\/li><li>Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau.<br><br><\/li><li>Quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<br><br><\/li><li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, x\u1eed l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba.<br><br><br><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3 Model ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5.<br><br><\/li><li>S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1t b\u1edfi l\u1edbp View ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 Controller v\u00e0 Model. View s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec b\u1edfi View kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00ean View, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp c\u1ea3 Controller v\u00e0 Model.<br><br><\/li><li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MVC c\u00f3 v\u1ebb qu\u00e1 c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh.<br><br><\/li><li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn th\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng.<br><br><br><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. \u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh web tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 quan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>MVC c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai sau n\u00e0y, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean website. H\u00f4m nay, MarketEnterprise xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m MVC l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVC l\u00e0 g\u00ec. N\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng nhau b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=330"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/330\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketenterprise.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}